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Prior to the 1830s, the area now occupied by Evanston was mainly uninhabited, consisting largely of wetlands and swampy forest. However, Potawatomi Indians used trails along higher lying ridges that ran in a general north-south direction through the area, and had at least some semi-permanent settlements along the trails.
French explorers referred to the general area as "Grosse Pointe" after a point of land jutting into Lake Michigan about 13 miles (21 km) north of the mouth of the Chicago River. After the first non-Native Americans settled in the area in 1836, the names "Grosse Point Territory" and "Gross Point voting district" were used through the 1830s and 1840s, although the territory had no defined boundaries. The area remained only sparsely settled, supporting some farming and lumber activity on some of the higher ground, as well as a number of taverns or "hotels" along the ridge roads. Grosse Pointe itself steadily eroded into the lake during this period.
In 1850, a township called Ridgeville was organized, extending from Graceland Cemetery in Chicago to the southern edge of the Ouilmette Reservation, along what is now Central Street, and from Lake Michigan to Western Avenue in Chicago. The 1850 census shows a few hundred settlers in this township, and a post office with the name of Ridgeville was established at one of the taverns. However, no municipality yet existed.
In 1851, a group of Methodist business leaders founded Northwestern University and Garrett Biblical Institute. Unable to find available land on the north shore up to Lake Forest, the committee was ready to purchase farmland to the west of the city when Orrington Lunt insisted on one final visit to the present location.[12] They chose a bluffed and wooded site along the lake as Northwestern's home, purchasing several hundred acres of land from Dr. John Foster, a Chicago farm owner. In 1854, the founders of Northwestern submitted to the county judge their plans for a city to be named Evanston after John Evans,[13] one of their leaders. In 1857, the request was granted.[14] The township of Evanston was split off from Ridgeville Township; at approximately the same time, that portion of Ridgeville south of Devon Avenue was organized as Lake View Township.[15] The nine founders, including John Evans, Orrington Lunt, and Andrew Brown, hoped their university would attain high standards of intellectual excellence. Today these hopes have been fulfilled, as Northwestern consistently ranks with the best of the nation's universities.
Evanston was formally incorporated as a town on December 29, 1863, but declined in 1869 to become a city despite the Illinois legislature passing a bill for that purpose. Evanston expanded after the Civil War with the annexation of the village of North Evanston. Finally, in early 1892, following the annexation of the village of South Evanston, voters elected to organize as a city. The 1892 boundaries are largely those that exist today.
During the 1960s, Northwestern University changed the city's shoreline by adding a 74-acre (30 ha) lakefill.
In 1939, Evanston hosted the first NCAA basketball championship final at Northwestern University's Patten Gymnasium.
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In August 1954, Evanston, IL 60201, 60202, 60202, 60204, 60208 hosted the second assembly of the World Council of Churches, still the only WCC assembly to have been held in the United States. President Dwight Eisenhower welcomed the delegates, and Dag Hammarskjöld, secretary-general of the United Nations, delivered an important address entitled "An instrument of faith".[19]
Evanston, IL 60201, 60202, 60202, 60204, 60208 first received power in April 1893. Many people lined the streets on Emerson St. where the first appearance of street lights were lined and turned on. Today, the city is home to Northwestern University, Music Institute of Chicago, and other educational institutions, as well as headquarters of Alpha Phi International women's fraternity, Rotary International, the National Merit Scholarship Corporation, the National Lekotek Center, the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity, the Sigma Chi fraternity and the Woman's Christian Temperance Union.
Evanston, IL 60201, 60202, 60202, 60204, 60208 is the birthplace of Tinkertoys, and is the one of the locations having originated the ice cream sundae. Evanston, IL 60201, 60202, 60202, 60204, 60208 was the home of the Clayton Mark and Company, which for many years supplied the most jobs.
Evanston, IL 60201, 60202, 60202, 60204, 60208 was a dry community from 1858 until 1972, when the City Council voted to allow restaurants and hotels to serve liquor on their premises. In 1984, the Council voted to allow retail liquor outlets within the city limits.
The City of Evanston, IL The City of Evanston became sister cities with the Dnieprovsky District of the City of Kiev, Ukraine in 1988, and sister cities with Belize City, Belize in 1992.
Evanston has a council-manager system of government and is divided into nine wards, each of which is represented by an Alderman, or member of the Evanston City Council. Businessman Steve Hagerty was elected mayor in April 2017, replacing Elizabeth Tisdahl, who had served since 2009. Hagerty, who won election by a margin of only 111 votes, was sworn into office on May 8.
Evanston was heavily Republican in voter identification from the time of the Civil War up to the 1960s. Nixon carried Evanston in the 1968 presidential election.The city began trending Democratic in the 1960s, though it did not elect a Democratic mayor until 1993. The city swung particularly heavily to the Democrats in the 1990s, along with many other Chicago suburbs, and now almost exclusively identifies with Democrats in elections on all levels of government.
Lorraine H. Morton (Evanston’s longest serving mayor) In 1993, Lorraine Hairston Morton (December 8, 1918 – September 8, 2018) ran for mayor of Evanston under the campaign slogan "Morton for Mayor," which accompanied images of trains and lists of people who were "on board" with her campaign. After a run-off election against Ann Rainey, alderman of Evanston's Eighth Ward, Morton was elected Evanston's first African-American and first Democratic mayor. Morton was in office for sixteen years (until 2009), becoming Evanston's longest-serving mayor. During her long mayoral tenure, Morton attempted to improve the town-gown relationship between Northwestern University and the greater population of Evanston. She was able to form a close friendship with Northwestern University president Henry Bienen and ameliorate the tension between Evanston and the University given her status as both the Mayor of Evanston and a proud alumna of Northwestern. Mayor Morton also worked with local community leaders and churches to create a safe zone and a ("time out") period of time that gangs would call a truce. During this time, (Friday and Saturday nights, a time of would-be heightened gang activity) the community, including gang members were invited to play basketball at Evanston's Robert Crown Center. Morton would often be seen cheering from the sidelines. Evanston's (City Hall) civic center was re-named for Morton at the time of her retirement in 2009 and is now known as the Lorraine H. Morton Civic Center. In addition to being Evanston's first African-American, Democratic, and longest-serving mayor, she is also notable for spearheading the desegregation of Evanston's public schools as a teacher and school principal.
In the 2012 presidential election, Democratic incumbent Barack Obama won 85% of Evanston's vote, compared to 13% for Republican challenger Mitt Romney.[30] In the 2016 Democratic primary, Hillary Clinton received 54% of the votes of Evanston Democrats to Bernie Sanders' 45%. During that year's general election, Clinton won 87% of the vote in Evanston, while Republican Donald Trump received just 7%.Evanston's turnout for presidential elections has grown steadily since 2004, with 80% of registered voters voting in the 2016 general election.
Nicknames
Early after its founding, because of its strong Methodist influence, and its attempt to impose moral rigor, Evanston was called "Heavenston".[34]
In the early 20th century Evanston was called "The City of Churches".[35]
The varied works of numerous prominent architects, and many prominent mansions, especially near the lakefront, gave the town by the 1920s the sobriquet "The City of Homes",[34][36] a fact often touted by local real estate agents.[37] Use of the phrase has been attributed to a 1924 speech at the local Kiwanis club.[38]
Since the late 20th century, because of Evanston's activism and often left-of-center politics, it is sometimes humorously (or sarcastically) referred to as "The People's Republic of Evanston".[39][40][41]
The eastern border of the adjacent village of Skokie that falls within Evanston township schools and 60203 zip code is called "Skevanston", a portmanteau of both names.
Education
Public schools
High school
Evanston Township High School
Most of Evanston (and a small part of the village of Skokie) is within the boundaries of Evanston Township High School District 202.[42] The school district has a single high school, Evanston Township High School, with an enrollment of just over 4,000, covering grades 9 through 12.
Primary schools
Evanston-Skokie Community Consolidated School District 65, covering all of Evanston and a small part of Skokie, provides primary education from pre-kindergarten through grade 8. The district has ten elementary schools (kindergarten through fifth grade), three middle schools (grades 6 through 8), two magnet schools (K through 8), two special schools or centers, and an early childhood school. Dr. Paul Goren is the Superintendent of Schools.
Private schools
Private schools located in Evanston, Illinois include:
Baker Demonstration School
Beacon Academy, a Montessori high school
Chiaravalle Montessori School, a Montessori school for children ages 2–14
Midwest Montessori School
Pope John XXIII School, a Catholic school serving children pre-kindergarten through eighth grade. The school dates back to 1886 with the establishment of separate schools serving St. Nicholas and St. Mary's parishes in Evanston. The original St. Nicholas School was in the building now called the Annex. The main school building was built in 1954. In 1986 the two parish schools consolidated and the new school was renamed Pope John XXIII School.
Roycemore School
St. Athanasius School, a Catholic school for children from junior kindergarten through eighth grade.
Library
Main Evanston Public Library
The Evanston Public Library was established in 1873,and has three branches as of 2013. Heather Norborg currently heads the Adult Services Department of the Library.
Tertiary
In 2006, National-Louis University closed its former main site, which had 6.5 acres (2.6 ha) of land, with about 33% in Evanston; the majority of the land was in Wilmette.
University
Founded in 1855, Evanston is home to Northwestern University, one of the nation's leading research universities. Located along Lake Michigan, Northwestern's campus spans 240 acres with an estimated 250 buildings. became sister cities with the Dnieprovsky District of the City of Kiev, Ukraine in 1988, and sister cities with Belize City, Belize in 1992.
Evanston has a council-manager system of government and is divided into nine wards, each of which is represented by an Alderman, or member of the Evanston City Council. Businessman Steve Hagerty was elected mayor in April 2017, replacing Elizabeth Tisdahl, who had served since 2009.[26] Hagerty, who won election by a margin of only 111 votes, was sworn into office on May 8
Evanston was heavily Republican in voter identification from the time of the Civil War up to the 1960s. Nixon carried Evanston in the 1968 presidential election.[29] The city began trending Democratic in the 1960s, though it did not elect a Democratic mayor until 1993. The city swung particularly heavily to the Democrats in the 1990s, along with many other Chicago suburbs, and now almost exclusively identifies with Democrats in elections on all levels of government.
Lorraine H. Morton (Evanston’s longest serving mayor) In 1993, Lorraine Hairston Morton (December 8, 1918 – September 8, 2018) ran for mayor of Evanston under the campaign slogan "Morton for Mayor," which accompanied images of trains and lists of people who were "on board" with her campaign. After a run-off election against Ann Rainey, alderman of Evanston's Eighth Ward, Morton was elected Evanston's first African-American and first Democratic mayor. Morton was in office for sixteen years (until 2009), becoming Evanston's longest-serving mayor. During her long mayoral tenure, Morton attempted to improve the town-gown relationship between Northwestern University and the greater population of Evanston. She was able to form a close friendship with Northwestern University president Henry Bienen and ameliorate the tension between Evanston and the University given her status as both the Mayor of Evanston and a proud alumna of Northwestern. Mayor Morton also worked with local community leaders and churches to create a safe zone and a ("time out") period of time that gangs would call a truce. During this time, (Friday and Saturday nights, a time of would-be heightened gang activity) the community, including gang members were invited to play basketball at Evanston's Robert Crown Center. Morton would often be seen cheering from the sidelines. Evanston's (City Hall) civic center was re-named for Morton at the time of her retirement in 2009 and is now known as the Lorraine H. Morton Civic Center. In addition to being Evanston's first African-American, Democratic, and longest-serving mayor, she is also notable for spearheading the desegregation of Evanston's public schools as a teacher and school principal.
In the 2012 presidential election, Democratic incumbent Barack Obama won 85% of Evanston's vote, compared to 13% for Republican challenger Mitt Romney.[30] In the 2016 Democratic primary, Hillary Clinton received 54% of the votes of Evanston Democrats to Bernie Sanders' 45%. During that year's general election, Clinton won 87% of the vote in Evanston, while Republican Donald Trump received just 7%. Evanston's turnout for presidential elections has grown steadily since 2004, with 80% of registered voters voting in the 2016 general election.
Nicknames
Early after its founding, because of its strong Methodist influence, and its attempt to impose moral rigor, Evanston was called "Heavenston".
In the early 20th century Evanston was called "The City of Churches".
The varied works of numerous prominent architects, and many prominent mansions, especially near the lakefront, gave the town by the 1920s the sobriquet "The City of Homes" a fact often touted by local real estate agents.Use of the phrase has been attributed to a 1924 speech at the local Kiwanis club.
Since the late 20th century, because of Evanston's activism and often left-of-center politics, it is sometimes humorously (or sarcastically) referred to as "The People's Republic of Evanston".[39][40][41]
The eastern border of the adjacent village of Skokie that falls within Evanston township schools and 60203 zip code is called "Skevanston", a portmanteau of both names.
Education
Public schools
High school
Evanston Township High School
Most of Evanston (and a small part of the village of Skokie) is within the boundaries of Evanston Township High School District 202.[42] The school district has a single high school, Evanston Township High School, with an enrollment of just over 4,000, covering grades 9 through 12.
Primary schools
Evanston-Skokie Community Consolidated School District 65, covering all of Evanston and a small part of Skokie, provides primary education from pre-kindergarten through grade 8. The district has ten elementary schools (kindergarten through fifth grade), three middle schools (grades 6 through 8), two magnet schools (K through 8), two special schools or centers, and an early childhood school. Dr. Paul Goren is the Superintendent of Schools.
Private schools
Private schools located in Evanston, Illinois include:
Baker Demonstration School
Beacon Academy, a Montessori high school
Chiaravalle Montessori School, a Montessori school for children ages 2–14
Midwest Montessori School
Pope John XXIII School, a Catholic school serving children pre-kindergarten through eighth grade. The school dates back to 1886 with the establishment of separate schools serving St. Nicholas and St. Mary's parishes in Evanston. The original St. Nicholas School was in the building now called the Annex. The main school building was built in 1954. In 1986 the two parish schools consolidated and the new school was renamed Pope John XXIII School.
Roycemore School
St. Athanasius School, a Catholic school for children from junior kindergarten through eighth grade.
Library
Main Evanston Public Library
The Evanston Public Library was established in 1873,[44] and has three branches as of 2013.[45] Heather Norborg currently heads the Adult Services Department of the Library.
Tertiary
In 2006, National-Louis University closed its former main site, which had 6.5 acres (2.6 ha) of land, with about 33% in Evanston; the majority of the land was in Wilmette.
University
Founded in 1855, Evanston is home to Northwestern University, one of the nation's leading research universities. Located along Lake Michigan, Northwestern's campus spans 240 acres with an estimated 250 buildings.